FORWARD............................................................................................................................................................................... i

PREFACE................................................................................................................................................................................. ii

Letters of endorsement from IMCC, ACAA and environmental groups..........................................................................Link

Table of Contents.................................................................................................................................................................. xix

List of Figures..................................................................................................................................................................... xxvii

List of Tables...................................................................................................................................................................... xxxvi

List of Acronyms.................................................................................................................................................................. xxxx

Chapter 1. Overview: Coal Ash Beneficial Use and Mine Land Reclamation...................................................................... 1

Chapter 2. Geology of the Pennsylvania Coal Regions........................................................................................................ 20

Chapter 3. Engineering Practices of Ash Placement............................................................................................................. 53

Chapter 4. Coal Ash Beneficial Use (Conventional Ash Placement) on Anthracite Mine Sites......................................... 71

Chapter 5. Coal Ash Beneficial Use on Bituminous Mine Sites......................................................................................... 118

Chapter 6. Use of Coal Ash Cement Grouts in Abatement of Abandoned Mine Hazards and Acid Mine Drainage.......155

Chapter 7. The Ellengowan and Shen Penn Demonstration Projects................................................................................. 205

Chapter 8. The Knickerbocker Demonstration Project....................................................................................................... 229

Chapter 9. The Big Gorilla Demonstration Project............................................................................................................. 246

Chapter 10. Soil Additives and Soil Amendments............................................................................................................... 302

Chapter 11. Interpretation, Applications and Conclusions................................................................................................. 316

References............................................................................................................................................................................. 346

Biographies of Authors........................................................................................................................................................Link

Appendices............................................................................................................................................................................Link