FORWARD............................................................................................................................................................................... i
PREFACE................................................................................................................................................................................. ii
Letters of endorsement from IMCC, ACAA and environmental groups..........................................................................LinkTable of Contents.................................................................................................................................................................. xix
Chapter 1. Overview: Coal Ash Beneficial Use and Mine Land Reclamation...................................................................... 1
List of Figures..................................................................................................................................................................... xxvii
List of Tables...................................................................................................................................................................... xxxvi
List of Acronyms.................................................................................................................................................................. xxxx
Chapter 2. Geology of the Pennsylvania Coal Regions........................................................................................................ 20
Chapter 3. Engineering Practices of Ash Placement............................................................................................................. 53
Chapter 4. Coal Ash Beneficial Use (Conventional Ash Placement) on Anthracite Mine Sites......................................... 71
Chapter 5. Coal Ash Beneficial Use on Bituminous Mine Sites......................................................................................... 118
Chapter 6. Use of Coal Ash Cement Grouts in Abatement of Abandoned Mine Hazards and Acid Mine Drainage.......155
Chapter 7. The Ellengowan and Shen Penn Demonstration Projects................................................................................. 205
Chapter 8. The Knickerbocker Demonstration Project....................................................................................................... 229
Chapter 9. The Big Gorilla Demonstration Project............................................................................................................. 246
Chapter 10. Soil Additives and Soil Amendments............................................................................................................... 302
Chapter 11. Interpretation, Applications and Conclusions................................................................................................. 316
References............................................................................................................................................................................. 346
Biographies of Authors........................................................................................................................................................Link
Appendices............................................................................................................................................................................Link